Using Activation: Not Extending `Activatable`

This tutorial describes how to implement an activatable remote object, but differs from the tutorial Using Activation: Extending Activatable in that the implementation for the remote object does not extend the class java.rmi.activation.Activatable. Instead, the implementation uses a static method of the class Activatable to export an activatable remote object. This tutorial uses a Setup program (described in the tutorial Using Activation: the Setup Program) that registers information about an activatable remote object with the Java Remote Method Invocation (Java RMI) activation system daemon (rmid) and then binds a stub for that remote object in an rmiregistry so that clients can look it up. You may want to read that tutorial before this one.

This tutorial has the following steps:

Implement the activatable remote object
Implement the client
Compile the source files
Run the Setup program
Run the client

The files needed for this tutorial are:

MyRemoteInterface.java - a simple remote interface
DoesNotExtendActivatable.java - an "activatable" implementation of the remote interface
Client.java - a client that uses the remote interface
client.policy - the security policy file for the client

Implement the activatable remote object

There are a few basic ways to implement an activatable remote object. This tutorial describes how to implement an activatable remote object by using a static method of the class java.rmi.activation.Activatable to export an activatable remote object.

A remote object is activated when a client invokes a remote method on a stub for an activatable remote object. A stub for an activatable remote object contains the remote object's activation ID and information on how to contact the Java RMI activation system daemon (rmid) for the remote object. If the stub cannot connect to the last-known address (i.e., host/port) for the remote object, the stub will contact the remote object's activator (rmid) to activate the object. When rmid receives an activation request, it starts the remote object's activation group (or container) VM if the group is not already executing, and then rmid asks the group to make an instance of the remote object. Once the group constructs the remote object, it returns the remote object's stub to rmid which, in turn, returns the actual stub to the initiating stub so that the initiating stub can update its information on how to contact the remote object in the future.

Before any of this activation can take place, an application must register information about the activatable remote objects it needs to use. The following separate tutorial describes the information needed to activatate a remote object and how to register this information with rmid:

Using Activation: the Setup program

In this example, the activatable remote object implements the following remote interface examples.activation.MyRemoteInterface:

package examples.activation;

import java.rmi.*;

public interface MyRemoteInterface extends Remote {
    Object remoteMethod(Object obj) throws RemoteException;
}

The implementation class, examples.activation.DoesNotExtendActivatable, for the activatable remote object is as follows:

package examples.activation; 

import java.rmi.*;
import java.rmi.activation.*;

public class DoesNotExtendActivatable implements MyRemoteInterface {

    private final ActivationID id;
    
    public DoesNotExtendActivatable(ActivationID id, MarshalledObject data) 
        throws RemoteException
    {
        this.id = id;
        Activatable.exportObject(this, id, 0);
    }

    public Object remoteMethod(Object obj) {
        return obj;
    }
}

The class DoesNotExtendActivatable implements the remote interface MyRemoteInterface, but does not extend any class.

The class DoesNotExtendActivatable declares a special "activation" constructor that an activation group calls to construct an instance during the activation process. This special constructor takes two parameters:

The first parameter, ActivationID, is an identifier for the activatable remote object. When an application registers an activation descriptor with rmid, rmid assigns it an activation ID, which refers to the information associated with the descriptor. This same activation ID (also contained in the remote object's stub) is passed to this constructor when the remote object is activated.
The second parameter is a MarshalledObject that contains initialization data pre-registered with rmid. This initialization data may be a filename for the object's persistent state, for example. This example does not require any initialization data to construct the remote object.

The constructor saves the activation ID in a private field, and then calls the static method Activatable.exportObject, passing the implementation itself (this), the activation ID, and the port number 0, indicating that the object should be exported on an anonymous TCP port. While this implementation does not actually use the activation ID it stores, this example saves the activation ID to demonstrate what a typical implementation of an activatable object might do. Such an implementation may need the activation ID in the future, in order to deactivate the object, for example.

Finally, the class implements the remote interface's single method, remoteMethod to return the object passed as an argument.

Implement the client

The Client program looks up a remote object's stub (one that implements the remote interface MyRemoteInterface) in the registry on the host supplied as the optional first argument, and then invokes the stub's remoteMethod method. The client program is the same as the one described in the tutorial Using Activation: Extending Activatable. For details, see the following section of that tutorial

Implement the client

Compile the source files

The source files for this example can be compiled as follows:

javac -d implDir MyRemoteInterface.java DoesNotExtendActivatable.java 
javac -d clientDir MyRemoteInterface.java Client.java

where implDir is the destination directory to put the implementation's class files the class files in, and clientDir is the destination directory to put the client's class files in.

Run the `Setup` program

Once your implementation phase is complete, you need to register information about the activatable object so a client can use it. The Setup program, described by the tutorial Using Activation: the Setup Program, registers an activation descriptor for an activatable object with rmid, and then binds the remote object's stub in an rmiregistry so that clients can look it up.

To run the Setup program for this example, see the section Start rmid, rmiregistry, and the Setup program in the setup program tutorial, which describes how to start rmid, rmiregistry, and the Setup program itself.

After you run rmid and rmiregistry as instructed in the Setup tutorial, you will need to run the Setup program to register an activation descriptor for an activatable object that implements the class examples.activation.DoesNotExtendActivatable. The following command line runs the Setup program, supplying an appropriate file URL for each codebase used:

java -cp setupDir:implDir                       \
     -Djava.security.policy=setup.policy                      \
     -Djava.rmi.server.codebase=file:/implDir/                \
     -Dexamples.activation.setup.codebase=file:/setupDir/     \
     -Dexamples.activation.impl.codebase=file:/impDir/        \
     -Dexamples.activation.name=examples.activation.MyRemoteInterface       \
     -Dexamples.activation.policy=group.policy                \
     examples.activation.Setup examples.activation.DoesNotExtendActivatable

where:

setupDir is the root directory for the Setup program's class
implDir is the root directory for the implementation's classes
setup.policy is the security policy file for the Setup program
group.policy is the security policy file for the activation group

Note that the examples.activation.file system property does not need to be specified, because the DoesNotExtendActivatable implementation class does not use it. Also note that each file URL above has the required trailing slash. Examples of group and setup policy files, suitable for this tutorial, are described in the setup tutorial, and are also listed below:

The output from the Setup program should look like this:

Activation group descriptor registered.
Activation descriptor registered.
Stub bound in registry.

Run the client

Once you have successfully registered an activation descriptor for a DoesNotExtendActivatable implementation, you can run the client program, which, during its first execution, will cause the activatable object to activate.

The client program is the same as the one described in the tutorial Using Activation: Extending Activatable. For details, see the following section of that tutorial:

Run the client