Documentation Contents

Java Cryptography Architecture
Standard Algorithm Name Documentation for JDK 8

Note: The Oracle Providers Documentation contains specific provider and algorithm information.

Standard Names

The JDK Security API requires and uses a set of standard names for algorithms, certificate and keystore types. This specification establishes the following names as standard names.

In some cases naming conventions are given for forming names that are not explicitly listed, to facilitate name consistency across provider implementations. Items in angle brackets (such as <digest> and <encryption>) are placeholders to be replaced by a specific message digest, encryption algorithm, or other name.

Note: Standard names are not case-sensitive.

This document includes corresponding lists of standard names relevant to the following security subareas:

AlgorithmParameterGenerator Algorithms

The algorithm names in this section can be specified when generating an instance of AlgorithmParameterGenerator.

Algorithm Name Description
DiffieHellman Parameters for use with the Diffie-Hellman algorithm.
DSA Parameters for use with the Digital Signature Algorithm.

AlgorithmParameters Algorithms

The algorithm names in this section can be specified when generating an instance of AlgorithmParameters.

Algorithm Name Description
AES Parameters for use with the AES algorithm.
Blowfish Parameters for use with the Blowfish algorithm.
DES Parameters for use with the DES algorithm.
DESede Parameters for use with the DESede algorithm.
DiffieHellman Parameters for use with the DiffieHellman algorithm.
DSA Parameters for use with the Digital Signature Algorithm.
OAEP Parameters for use with the OAEP algorithm.
PBEWith<digest>And<encryption> Parameters for use with the PBEWith<digest>And<encryption> algorithm. Examples: PBEWithMD5AndDES, and PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_128.
PBE Parameters for use with the PBE algorithm. This name should not be used, in preference to the more specific PBE-algorithm names previously listed.
RC2 Parameters for use with the RC2 algorithm.

CertificateFactory Types

The type in this section can be specified when generating an instance of CertificateFactory.

Type Description
X.509 The certificate type defined in X.509, also available via RFC 3280

CertPathBuilder Algorithms

The algorithm in this section can be specified when generating an instance of CertPathBuilder.

Algorithm Name Description
PKIX The PKIX certification path validation algorithm as defined in the ValidationAlgorithm service attribute. The output of CertPathBuilder instances implementing this algorithm is a certification path validated against the PKIX validation algorithm.

CertPath Encodings

The following encodings may be passed to the getEncoded method of CertPath or the generateCertPath(InputStream inStream, String encoding) method of CertificateFactory.

Encoding Description
PKCS7 A PKCS#7 SignedData object, with the only significant field being certificates. In particular, the signature and the contents are ignored. If no certificates are present, a zero-length CertPath is assumed. Warning: PKCS#7 does not maintain the order of certificates in a certification path. This means that if a CertPath is converted to PKCS#7 encoded bytes and then converted back, the order of the certificates may change, potentially rendering the CertPath invalid. Users should be aware of this behavior. See PKCS #7: Cryptographic Message Syntax for details on PKCS7.
PkiPath an ASN.1 DER encoded sequence of certificates, defined as follows: 
    PkiPath ::= SEQUENCE OF Certificate
Within the sequence, the order of certificates is such that the subject of the first certificate is the issuer of the second certificate, and so on. Each certificate in PkiPath shall be unique. No certificate may appear more than once in a value of Certificate in PkiPath. The PkiPath format is defined in defect report 279 against X.509 (2000) and is incorporated into Technical Corrigendum 1 (DTC 2) for the ITU-T Recommendation X.509 (2000). See the ITU web site for details.

CertPathValidator Algorithms

The algorithm in this section can be specified when generating an instance of CertPathValidator.

Algorithm Name Description
PKIX The PKIX certification path validation algorithm as defined in the ValidationAlgorithm service attribute.

CertStore Types

The type in this section can be specified when generating an instance of CertStore.

Type Description
Collection A CertStore implementation that retrieves certificates and CRLs from a Collection. This type of CertStore is particularly useful in applications where certificates or CRLs are received in a bag or some sort of attachment, such as with a signed email message or in an SSL negotiation.
LDAP A CertStore implementation that fetches certificates and CRLs from an LDAP directory using the schema defined in the LDAPSchema service attribute.

Cipher (Encryption) Algorithms

Cipher Algorithm Names

The following names can be specified as the algorithm component in a transformation when requesting an instance of Cipher.

Algorithm Name Description
AES

Advanced Encryption Standard as specified by NIST in FIPS 197. Also known as the Rijndael algorithm by Joan Daemen and Vincent Rijmen, AES is a 128-bit block cipher supporting keys of 128, 192, and 256 bits.

To use the AES cipher with only one valid key size, use the format AES_<n>, where <n> can be 128, 192, or 256.
AESWrap

The AES key wrapping algorithm as described in RFC 3394.

To use the AESWrap cipher with only one valid key size, use the format AESWrap_<n>, where <n> can be 128, 192, or 256.
ARCFOUR A stream cipher believed to be fully interoperable with the RC4 cipher developed by Ron Rivest. For more information, see K. Kaukonen and R. Thayer, "A Stream Cipher Encryption Algorithm 'Arcfour'", Internet Draft (expired), draft-kaukonen-cipher-arcfour-03.txt.
Blowfish The Blowfish block cipher designed by Bruce Schneier.
DES The Digital Encryption Standard as described in FIPS PUB 46-3.
DESede Triple DES Encryption (also known as DES-EDE, 3DES, or Triple-DES). Data is encrypted using the DES algorithm three separate times. It is first encrypted using the first subkey, then decrypted with the second subkey, and encrypted with the third subkey.
DESedeWrap The DESede key wrapping algorithm as described in RFC 3217 .
ECIES Elliptic Curve Integrated Encryption Scheme
PBEWith<digest>And<encryption> PBEWith<prf>And<encryption> The password-based encryption algorithm found in (PKCS5), using the specified message digest (<digest>) or pseudo-random function (<prf>) and encryption algorithm (<encryption>). Examples:
RC2 Variable-key-size encryption algorithms developed by Ron Rivest for RSA Data Security, Inc.
RC4 Variable-key-size encryption algorithms developed by Ron Rivest for RSA Data Security, Inc. (See note prior for ARCFOUR.)
RC5 Variable-key-size encryption algorithms developed by Ron Rivest for RSA Data Security, Inc.
RSA The RSA encryption algorithm as defined in PKCS #1

Cipher Algorithm Modes

The following names can be specified as the mode component in a transformation when requesting an instance of Cipher.

Algorithm Name Description
NONE No mode.
CBC Cipher Block Chaining Mode, as defined in FIPS PUB 81.
CCM Counter/CBC Mode, as defined in NIST Special Publication SP 800-38C.
CFB, CFBx Cipher Feedback Mode, as defined in FIPS PUB 81.

Using modes such as CFB and OFB, block ciphers can encrypt data in units smaller than the cipher's actual block size. When requesting such a mode, you may optionally specify the number of bits to be processed at a time by appending this number to the mode name as shown in the "DES/CFB8/NoPadding" and "DES/OFB32/PKCS5Padding" transformations. If no such number is specified, a provider-specific default is used. (For example, the SunJCE provider uses a default of 64 bits for DES.) Thus, block ciphers can be turned into byte-oriented stream ciphers by using an 8-bit mode such as CFB8 or OFB8.
CTR A simplification of OFB, Counter mode updates the input block as a counter.
CTS Cipher Text Stealing, as described in Bruce Schneier's book Applied Cryptography-Second Edition, John Wiley and Sons, 1996.
ECB Electronic Codebook Mode, as defined in FIPS PUB 81 (generally this mode should not be used for multiple blocks of data).
GCM Galois/Counter Mode, as defined in NIST Special Publication SP 800-38D.
OFB, OFBx Output Feedback Mode, as defined in FIPS PUB 81.

Using modes such as CFB and OFB, block ciphers can encrypt data in units smaller than the cipher's actual block size. When requesting such a mode, you may optionally specify the number of bits to be processed at a time by appending this number to the mode name as shown in the "DES/CFB8/NoPadding" and "DES/OFB32/PKCS5Padding" transformations. If no such number is specified, a provider-specific default is used. (For example, the SunJCE provider uses a default of 64 bits for DES.) Thus, block ciphers can be turned into byte-oriented stream ciphers by using an 8-bit mode such as CFB8 or OFB8.
PCBC Propagating Cipher Block Chaining, as defined by Kerberos V4.

Cipher Algorithm Padding

The following names can be specified as the padding component in a transformation when requesting an instance of Cipher.

Algorithm Name Description
NoPadding No padding.
ISO10126Padding This padding for block ciphers is described in 5.2 Block Encryption Algorithms in the W3C's "XML Encryption Syntax and Processing" document.
OAEPPadding, OAEPWith<digest>And<mgf>Padding Optimal Asymmetric Encryption Padding scheme defined in PKCS1, where <digest> should be replaced by the message digest and <mgf> by the mask generation function. Examples: OAEPWithMD5AndMGF1Padding and OAEPWithSHA-512AndMGF1Padding.

If OAEPPadding is used, Cipher objects are initialized with a javax.crypto.spec.OAEPParameterSpec object to supply values needed for OAEPPadding.
PKCS1Padding The padding scheme described in PKCS #1, used with the RSA algorithm.
PKCS5Padding The padding scheme described in RSA Laboratories, "PKCS #5: Password-Based Encryption Standard," version 1.5, November 1993.
SSL3Padding The padding scheme defined in the SSL Protocol Version 3.0, November 18, 1996, section 5.2.3.2 (CBC block cipher): 
    block-ciphered struct {
        opaque content[SSLCompressed.length];
        opaque MAC[CipherSpec.hash_size];
        uint8 padding[
            GenericBlockCipher.padding_length];
        uint8 padding_length;
    } GenericBlockCipher;
The size of an instance of a GenericBlockCipher must be a multiple of the block cipher's block length.

The padding length, which is always present, contributes to the padding, which implies that if: 
    sizeof(content) + sizeof(MAC) % block_length = 0,
padding has to be (block_length - 1) bytes long, because of the existence of padding_length.

This makes the padding scheme similar (but not quite) to PKCS5Padding, where the padding length is encoded in the padding (and ranges from 1 to block_length). With the SSL scheme, the sizeof(padding) is encoded in the always present padding_length and therefore ranges from 0 to block_length-1.

Configuration Types

The type in this section can be specified when generating an instance of javax.security.auth.login.Configuration.

Type Description
JavaLoginConfig The default Configuration implementation from the SUN provider, as described in the ConfigFile class specification. This type accepts java.security.URIParameter as a valid Configuration.Parameter type. If this parameter is not specified, then the configuration information is loaded from the sources described in the ConfigFile class specification. If this parameter is specified, the configuration information is loaded solely from the specified URI.

Exemption Mechanisms

The following exemption mechanism names can be specified in the permission policy file that accompanies an application considered "exempt" from cryptographic restrictions.

Algorithm Name Description
KeyEscrow An encryption system with a backup decryption capability that allows authorized persons (users, officers of an organization, and government officials), under certain prescribed conditions, to decrypt ciphertext with the help of information supplied by one or more trusted parties who hold special data recovery keys.
KeyRecovery A method of obtaining the secret key used to lock encrypted data. One use is as a means of providing fail-safe access to a corporation's own encrypted information in times of disaster.
KeyWeakening A method in which a part of the key can be escrowed or recovered.

GSSAPI Mechanisms

The following mechanisms can be specified when using GSSAPI. Note that Object Identifiers (OIDs) are specified instead of names to be consistent with the GSSAPI standard.

Mechanism OID Description
1.2.840.113554.1.2.2 The Kerberos v5 GSS-API mechanism defined in RFC 4121.
1.3.6.1.5.5.2 The Simple and Protected GSS-API Negotiation (SPNEGO) mechanism defined in RFC 4178.

KeyAgreement Algorithms

The following algorithm names can be specified when requesting an instance of KeyAgreement.

Algorithm Name Description
DiffieHellman Diffie-Hellman Key Agreement as defined in PKCS #3: Diffie-Hellman Key-Agreement Standard, RSA Laboratories, version 1.4, November 1993.
ECDH Elliptic Curve Diffie-Hellman as defined in ANSI X9.63 and as described in RFC 3278: "Use of Elliptic Curve Cryptography (ECC) Algorithms in Cryptographic Message Syntax (CMS)."
ECMQV Elliptic Curve Menezes-Qu-Vanstone.

KeyFactory Algorithms

(Except as noted, these classes create keys for which Key.getAlgorithm() returns the standard algorithm name.)

The algorithm names in this section can be specified when generating an instance of KeyFactory.

Algorithm Name Description
DiffieHellman Keys for the Diffie-Hellman KeyAgreement algorithm.

Note: key.getAlgorithm() will return "DH" instead of "DiffieHellman".
DSA Keys for the Digital Signature Algorithm.
RSA Keys for the RSA algorithm (Signature/Cipher).
EC Keys for the Elliptic Curve algorithm.

KeyGenerator Algorithms

The following algorithm names can be specified when requesting an instance of KeyGenerator.

Algorithm Name Description
AES Key generator for use with the AES algorithm.
ARCFOUR Key generator for use with the ARCFOUR (RC4) algorithm.
Blowfish Key generator for use with the Blowfish algorithm.
DES Key generator for use with the DES algorithm.
DESede Key generator for use with the DESede (triple-DES) algorithm.
HmacMD5 Key generator for use with the HmacMD5 algorithm.
HmacSHA1
HmacSHA224
HmacSHA256
HmacSHA384
HmacSHA512		 Keys generator for use with the various flavors of the HmacSHA algorithms.
RC2 Key generator for use with the RC2 algorithm.

KeyManagerFactory Algorithms

The algorithm name in this section can be specified when generating an instance of KeyManagerFactory.

Algorithm Name Description
PKIX A factory for X509ExtendedKeyManagers that manage X.509 certificate-based key pairs for local side authentication according to the rules defined by the IETF PKIX working group in RFC 3280 or its successor. The KeyManagerFactory must support initialization using the class javax.net.ssl.KeyStoreBuilderParameters.

KeyPairGenerator Algorithms

(Except as noted, these classes create keys for which Key.getAlgorithm() returns the standard algorithm name.)

The algorithm names in this section can be specified when generating an instance of KeyPairGenerator.

Algorithm Name Description
DiffieHellman Generates keypairs for the Diffie-Hellman KeyAgreement algorithm.

Note: key.getAlgorithm() will return "DH" instead of "DiffieHellman".
DSA Generates keypairs for the Digital Signature Algorithm.
RSA Generates keypairs for the RSA algorithm (Signature/Cipher).
EC Generates keypairs for the Elliptic Curve algorithm.

KeyStore Types

The types in this section can be specified when generating an instance of KeyStore.

Type Description
jceks The proprietary keystore implementation provided by the SunJCE provider.
jks The proprietary keystore implementation provided by the SUN provider.
dks A domain keystore is a collection of keystores presented as a single logical keystore. It is specified by configuration data whose syntax is described in DomainLoadStoreParameter.
pkcs11 A keystore backed by a PKCS #11 token.
pkcs12 The transfer syntax for personal identity information as defined in PKCS #12.

Mac Algorithms

The following algorithm names can be specified when requesting an instance of Mac.

Algorithm Name Description
HmacMD5 The HMAC-MD5 keyed-hashing algorithm as defined in RFC 2104 "HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication" (February 1997).
HmacSHA1
HmacSHA224
HmacSHA256
HmacSHA384
HmacSHA512
 The HmacSHA* algorithms as defined in RFC 2104 "HMAC: Keyed-Hashing for Message Authentication" (February 1997) with SHA-* as the message digest algorithm.
PBEWith<mac> Mac for use with the PKCS #5 v 2.0 password-based message authentication standard, where <mac> is a Message Authentication Code algorithm name. Example: PBEWithHmacSHA1.

MessageDigest Algorithms

The algorithm names in this section can be specified when generating an instance of MessageDigest.

Algorithm Name Description
MD2 The MD2 message digest algorithm as defined in RFC 1319.
MD5 The MD5 message digest algorithm as defined in RFC 1321.
SHA-1
SHA-224
SHA-256
SHA-384
SHA-512
 Hash algorithms defined in the FIPS PUB 180-4.

Secure hash algorithms - SHA-1, SHA-224, SHA-256, SHA-384, SHA-512 - for computing a condensed representation of electronic data (message). When a message of any length less than 2^64 bits (for SHA-1, SHA-224, and SHA-256) or less than 2^128 (for SHA-384 and SHA-512) is input to a hash algorithm, the result is an output called a message digest. A message digest ranges in length from 160 to 512 bits, depending on the algorithm.

Policy Types

The type in this section can be specified when generating an instance of Policy.

Type Description
JavaPolicy The default Policy implementation from the SUN provider, as described in the PolicyFile guide. This type accepts java.security.URIParameter as a valid Policy.Parameter type. If this parameter is not specified, then the policy information is loaded from the sources described in the Default Policy File Locations section of the PolicyFile guide. If this parameter is specified, the policy information is loaded solely from the specified URI.

SaslClient Mechanisms

The mechanisms in this section can be specified when generating an instance of SaslClient.

Mechanism Description
CRAM-MD5 See RFC 2195. This mechanism supports a hashed user name/password authentication scheme.
DIGEST-MD5 See RFC 2831. This mechanism defines how HTTP Digest Authentication can be used as a SASL mechanism.
EXTERNAL See RFC 2222. This mechanism obtains authentication information from an external channel (such as TLS or IPsec).
GSSAPI See RFC 2222. This mechanism uses the GSSAPI for obtaining authentication information. It supports Kerberos v5 authentication.
PLAIN See RFC 2595. This mechanism supports cleartext user name/password authentication.

SaslServer Mechanisms

The mechanisms in this section can be specified when generating an instance of SaslServer.

Mechanism Description
CRAM-MD5 See RFC 2195. This mechanism supports a hashed user name/password authentication scheme.
DIGEST-MD5 See RFC 2831. This mechanism defines how HTTP Digest Authentication can be used as a SASL mechanism.
GSSAPI See RFC 2222. This mechanism uses the GSSAPI for obtaining authentication information. It supports Kerberos v5 authentication.

SecretKeyFactory Algorithms

The following algorithm names can be specified when requesting an instance of SecretKeyFactory.

Algorithm Name Description
AES Constructs secret keys for use with the AES algorithm.
ARCFOUR Constructs secret keys for use with the ARCFOUR algorithm.
DES Constructs secrets keys for use with the DES algorithm.
DESede Constructs secrets keys for use with the DESede (Triple-DES) algorithm.
PBEWith<digest>And<encryption>
PBEWith<prf>And<encryption>		 Secret-key factory for use with PKCS5 password-based encryption, where <digest> is a message digest, <prf> is a pseudo-random function, and <encryption> is an encryption algorithm.

Examples:

  • PBEWithMD5AndDES (PKCS #5, 1.5),
  • PBEWithHmacSHA256AndAES_128 (PKCS #5, 2.0)
Note: These all use only the low order 8 bits of each password character.
PBKDF2With<prf> Password-based key-derivation algorithm found in PKCS #5 2.0 using the specified pseudo-random function (<prf>). Example: PBKDF2WithHmacSHA256.

SecureRandom Number Generation Algorithms

The algorithm name in this section can be specified when generating an instance of SecureRandom.

Algorithm Name Description
NativePRNG Obtains random numbers from the underlying native OS. No assertions are made as to the blocking nature of generating these numbers.
NativePRNGBlocking Obtains random numbers from the underlying native OS, blocking if necessary. For example, /dev/random on UNIX-like systems.
NativePRNGNonBlocking Obtains random numbers from the underlying native OS, without blocking to prevent applications from excessive stalling. For example, /dev/urandom on UNIX-like systems.
PKCS11 Obtains random numbers from the underlying installed and configured PKCS11 library.
SHA1PRNG The name of the pseudo-random number generation (PRNG) algorithm supplied by the SUN provider. This algorithm uses SHA-1 as the foundation of the PRNG. It computes the SHA-1 hash over a true-random seed value concatenated with a 64-bit counter which is incremented by 1 for each operation. From the 160-bit SHA-1 output, only 64 bits are used.
Windows-PRNG Obtains random numbers from the underlying Windows OS.

Service Attributes

A cryptographic service is always associated with a particular algorithm or type. For example, a digital signature service is always associated with a particular algorithm (for example, DSA), and a CertificateFactory service is always associated with a particular certificate type (for example, X.509).

The attributes in this section are for cryptographic services. The service attributes can be used as filters for selecting providers.

Both the attribute name and value are case-insensitive.

Attribute Description
KeySize The maximum key size that the provider supports for the cryptographic service.
ImplementedIn Whether the implementation for the cryptographic service is done by software or hardware. The value of this attribute is "software" or "hardware".
ValidationAlgorithm The name of the specification that defines the certification path validation algorithm that an implementation of CertPathBuilder or CertPathValidator supports. RFCs should be specified as "RFC#" (ex: "RFC3280") and Internet Drafts as the name of the draft (ex: "draft-ietf-pkix-rfc2560bis-01.txt"). Values for this attribute that are specified as selection criteria to the Security.getProviders method will be compared using the String.equalsIgnoreCase method. All PKIX implementations of CertPathBuilder and CertPathValidator should provide a value for this attribute.
LDAPSchema The name of the specification that defines the LDAP schema that an implementation of an LDAP CertStore uses to retrieve certificates and CRLs. The format and semantics of this attribute is the same as described for the ValidationAlgorithm attribute. All LDAP implementations of CertStore should provide a value for this attribute.

For example:

   map.put("KeyPairGenerator.DSA",
            "sun.security.provider.DSAKeyPairGenerator");
        map.put("KeyPairGenerator.DSA KeySize", "1024");
        map.put("KeyPairGenerator.DSA ImplementedIn", "Software");

Signature Algorithms

The algorithm names in this section can be specified when generating an instance of Signature.

Algorithm Name Description
NONEwithRSA The RSA signature algorithm, which does not use a digesting algorithm (for example, MD5/SHA1) before performing the RSA operation. For more information about the RSA Signature algorithms, see PKCS #1.
MD2withRSA
MD5withRSA
 The MD2/MD5 with RSA Encryption signature algorithm, which uses the MD2/MD5 digest algorithm and RSA to create and verify RSA digital signatures as defined in PKCS #1.
SHA1withRSA
SHA224withRSA
SHA256withRSA
SHA384withRSA
SHA512withRSA
 The signature algorithm with SHA-* and the RSA encryption algorithm as defined in the OSI Interoperability Workshop, using the padding conventions described in PKCS #1.
NONEwithDSA The Digital Signature Algorithm as defined in FIPS PUB 186-2. The data must be exactly 20 bytes in length. This algorithm is also known as rawDSA.
SHA1withDSA
SHA224withDSA
SHA256withDSA		 The DSA signature algorithms that use the SHA-1, SHA-224, or SHA-256 digest algorithms to create and verify digital signatures as defined in FIPS PUB 186-3.
NONEwithECDSA
SHA1withECDSA
SHA224withECDSA
SHA256withECDSA
SHA384withECDSA
SHA512withECDSA
(ECDSA)
 The ECDSA signature algorithms as defined in ANSI X9.62.

Note:"ECDSA" is an ambiguous name for the "SHA1withECDSA" algorithm and should not be used. The formal name "SHA1withECDSA" should be used instead.
<digest>with<encryption> Use this to form a name for a signature algorithm with a particular message digest (such as MD2 or MD5) and algorithm (such as RSA or DSA), just as was done for the explicitly defined standard names in this section (MD2withRSA, and so on).

For the new signature schemes defined in PKCS #1 v 2.0, for which the <digest>with<encryption> form is insufficient, <digest>with<encryption>and<mgf> can be used to form a name. Here, <mgf> should be replaced by a mask generation function such as MGF1. Example: MD5withRSAandMGF1.

SSLContext Algorithms

The algorithm names in this section can be specified when generating an instance of SSLContext.

Algorithm Name Description
SSL Supports some version of SSL; may support other versions
SSLv2 Supports SSL version 2 or later; may support other versions
SSLv3 Supports SSL version 3; may support other versions
TLS Supports some version of TLS; may support other versions
TLSv1 Supports RFC 2246: TLS version 1.0 ; may support other versions
TLSv1.1 Supports RFC 4346: TLS version 1.1 ; may support other versions
TLSv1.2 Supports RFC 5246: TLS version 1.2 ; may support other versions

TrustManagerFactory Algorithms

The algorithm name in this section can be specified when generating an instance of TrustManagerFactory.

Algorithm Name Description
PKIX A factory for X509ExtendedTrustManager objects that validate certificate chains according to the rules defined by the IETF PKIX working group in RFC 3280 or its successor. The TrustManagerFactory must support initialization using the class javax.net.ssl.CertPathTrustManagerParameters.

XML Signature (XMLSignatureFactory/KeyInfoFactory/TransformService) Mechanisms

The mechanism in this section can be specified when generating an instance of XMLSignatureFactory, KeyInfoFactory, or TransformService. The mechanism identifies the XML processing mechanism that an implementation uses internally to parse and generate XML signature and KeyInfo structures. Also, note that each TransformService instance supports a specific transform algorithm in addition to a mechanism. The standard names for the transform algorithms are defined in the next section.

Mechanism Description
DOM The Document Object Model. See DOM Mechanism Requirements for additional requirements for DOM implementations.

XML Signature Transform (TransformService) Algorithms

The algorithms in this section can be specified when generating an instance of TransformService. Note that URIs are specified instead of names to be consistent with the XML Signature standard. API constants have been defined for each of these URIs, and these are listed in parentheses after each URI in the table that follows.

Algorithm URI Description
http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315 (CanonicalizationMethod.INCLUSIVE) The Canonical XML (without comments) canonicalization algorithm.
http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315#WithComments (CanonicalizationMethod.INCLUSIVE_WITH_COMMENTS) The Canonical XML with comments canonicalization algorithm.
http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n# (CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE) The Exclusive Canonical XML (without comments) canonicalization algorithm.
http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n#WithComments (CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE_WITH_COMMENTS) The Exclusive Canonical XML with comments canonicalization algorithm.
http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#base64 (Transform.BASE64) The Base64 transform algorithm.
http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#enveloped-signature (Transform.ENVELOPED) The Enveloped Signature transform algorithm.
http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xpath-19991116 (Transform.XPATH) The XPath transform algorithm.
http://www.w3.org/2002/06/xmldsig-filter2 (Transform.XPATH2) The XPath Filter 2 transform algorithm.
http://www.w3.org/TR/1999/REC-xslt-19991116 (Transform.XSLT) The XSLT transform algorithm.

JSSE Cipher Suite Names

The following list contains the standard JSSE cipher suite names. Over time, various groups have added additional cipher suites to the SSL/TLS namespace. Some JSSE cipher suite names were defined before TLSv1.0 was finalized, and were therefore given the SSL_ prefix. The names mentioned in the TLS RFCs prefixed with TLS_ are functionally equivalent to the JSSE cipher suites prefixed with SSL_.

* TLS_EMPTY_RENEGOTIATION_INFO_SCSV is a new pseudo-cipher suite to support RFC 5746. Read the Transport Layer Security (TLS) Renegotiation Issue section of the JSEE Reference Guide for more information.

Additional JSSE Standard Names

The keyType parameter passed to the chooseClientAlias, chooseServerAlias, getClientAliases, and getServerAliases methods of X509KeyManager specifies the public key types. Each row of the table that follows lists the standard name that should be used for keyType, given the specified certificate type.

Name Certificate Type
RSA RSA
DSA DSA
DH_RSA Diffie-Hellman with RSA signature
DH_DSA Diffie-Hellman with DSA signature
EC Elliptic Curve
EC_EC Elliptic Curve with ECDSA signature
EC_RSA Elliptic Curve with RSA signature

The protocols parameter passed to the setEnabledProtocols method of SSLSocket specifies the protocol versions to be enabled for use on the connection. The table that follows lists the standard names that can be passed to setEnabledProtocols or that may be returned by the SSLSocket getSupportedProtocols and getEnabledProtocols methods.

Name Protocol
SSLv2 SSL version 2 protocol
SSLv3 SSL version 3 protocol
TLSv1 TLS version 1.0 protocol (defined in RFC 2246)
TLSv1.1 TLS version 1.1 protocol (defined in RFC 4346)
TLSv1.2 TLS version 1.2 protocol (defined in RFC 5246)
SSLv2Hello Currently, the SSLv3, TLSv1, and TLSv1.1 protocols allow you to send SSLv3, TLSv1, and TLSv1.1 hellos encapsulated in an SSLv2 format hello. For more details on the reasons for allowing this compatibility in these protocols, see Appendix E in the appropriate RFCs (previously listed).

Note that some SSL/TLS servers do not support the v2 hello format and require that client hellos conform to the SSLv3 or TLSv1 client hello formats.

The SSLv2Hello option controls the SSLv2 encapsulation. If SSLv2Hello is disabled on the client, then all outgoing messages will conform to the SSLv3/TLSv1 client hello format. If SSLv2Hello is disabled on the server, then all incoming messages must conform to the SSLv3/TLSv1 client hello format.

The authType parameter passed to the checkClientTrusted and checkServerTrusted methods of X509TrustManager indicates the authentication type. The table that follows specifies what standard names should be used for the client or server certificate chains.

Client or Server Certificate Chain Authentication Type Standard Name
Client Determined by the actual certificate used. For instance, if RSAPublicKey is used, the authType should be "RSA".
Server The key exchange algorithm portion of the cipher suites represented as a String, such as "RSA" or "DHE_DSS". Note: For some exportable cipher suites, the key exchange algorithm is determined at runtime during the handshake. For instance, for TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5, the authType should be "RSA_EXPORT" when an ephemeral RSA key is used for the key exchange, and "RSA" when the key from the server certificate is used. Or it can take the value "UNKNOWN".

The JDK 8 release supports endpoint identification algorithms for TLS 1.2. The algorithm name can be passed to the setEndpointIdentificationAlgorithm() method of javax.net.ssl.SSLParameters. The following table shows the currently recognized names.

Endpoint Identification
Algorithm Name		 Specification
HTTPS http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2818.txt
LDAPS http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2830.txt

Algorithms

This section specifies details concerning some of the algorithms defined in this document. Any provider supplying an implementation of the listed algorithms must comply with the specifications in this section.

To add a new algorithm not specified here, you should first survey other people or companies supplying provider packages to see if they have already added that algorithm, and, if so, use the definitions they published, if available. Otherwise, you should create and make available a template, similar to those found in this section, with the specifications for the algorithm you provide.

Specification Template

The following table shows the fields of the algorithm specifications.

Field Description
Name The name by which the algorithm is known. This is the name passed to the getInstance method (when requesting the algorithm), and returned by the getAlgorithm method to determine the name of an existing algorithm object. These methods are in the relevant engine classes: Signature, MessageDigest, KeyPairGenerator, and AlgorithmParameterGenerator .
Type The type of algorithm: Signature, MessageDigest, KeyPairGenerator, or AlgorithmParameterGenerator.
Description General notes about the algorithm, including any standards implemented by the algorithm, applicable patents, and so on.
KeyPair Algorithm (optional) The keypair algorithm for this algorithm.
Keysize (optional) For a keyed algorithm or key generation algorithm: the valid keysizes.

Size (optional)

 For an algorithm parameter generation algorithm: the valid "sizes" for algorithm parameter generation.

Parameter Defaults (optional)

 For a key generation algorithm: the default parameter values.

Signature Format (optional)

 For a Signature algorithm, the format of the signature, that is, the input and output of the verify and sign methods, respectively.

Algorithm Specifications

SHA-1 Message Digest Algorithm

Field Description
Name SHA-1
Type MessageDigest
Description The message digest algorithm as defined in NIST's FIPS 180-4. The output of this algorithm is a 160-bit digest.

SHA-256 Message Digest Algorithm

Field Description
Name SHA-256
Type MessageDigest
Description The message digest algorithm as defined in NIST's FIPS 180-4. The output of this algorithm is a 256-bit digest.

MD2 Message Digest Algorithm

Field Description
Name MD2
 Type MessageDigest
Description The message digest algorithm as defined in RFC 1319. The output of this algorithm is a 128-bit (16 byte) digest.

MD5 Message Digest Algorithm

Field Description
Name MD5
Type MessageDigest
Description The message digest algorithm as defined in RFC 1321. The output of this algorithm is a 128-bit (16 byte) digest.

The Digital Signature Algorithm

Field Description
Name SHA1withDSA
Type Signature
Description This algorithm is the signature algorithm described in NIST FIPS 186, using DSA with the SHA-1 message digest algorithm.
KeyPair Algorithm DSA
Signature Format ASN.1 sequence of two INTEGER values: r and s, in that order:
SEQUENCE ::= { r INTEGER, s INTEGER }

RSA-based Signature Algorithms, with MD2, MD5 or SHA-1

Field Description
Names MD2withRSA, MD5withRSA and SHA1withRSA
Type Signature
Description These are the signature algorithms that use the MD2, MD5, and SHA-1 message digest algorithms (respectively) with RSA encryption.
KeyPair Algorithm RSA
Signature Format DER-encoded PKCS1 block as defined in RSA Laboratories, PKCS #1. The data encrypted is the digest of the data signed.

DSA KeyPair Generation Algorithm

Field Description
Name DSA
Type KeyPairGenerator
Description This algorithm is the key pair generation algorithm described NIST FIPS 186 for DSA.
Keysize The length, in bits, of the modulus p. This must be a multiple of 64, ranging from 512 to 1024 (inclusive), or 2048. The default keysize is 1024.
Parameter Defaults

The following are the default parameter values for keysizes of 512, 768, and 1024 bits:

512-bit Key Parameters

SEED =
b869c82b 35d70e1b 1ff91b28 e37a62ec dc34409b

counter = 123

p =
fca682ce 8e12caba 26efccf7 110e526d b078b05e decbcd1e b4a208f3
ae1617ae 01f35b91 a47e6df6 3413c5e1 2ed0899b cd132acd 50d99151
bdc43ee7 37592e17

q =
962eddcc 369cba8e bb260ee6 b6a126d9 346e38c5

g =
678471b2 7a9cf44e e91a49c5 147db1a9 aaf244f0 5a434d64 86931d2d
14271b9e 35030b71 fd73da17 9069b32e 2935630e 1c206235 4d0da20a
6c416e50 be794ca4

768-bit key parameters

SEED =
77d0f8c4 dad15eb8 c4f2f8d6 726cefd9 6d5bb399

counter = 263

p =
e9e64259 9d355f37 c97ffd35 67120b8e 25c9cd43 e927b3a9 670fbec5
d8901419 22d2c3b3 ad248009 3799869d 1e846aab 49fab0ad 26d2ce6a
22219d47 0bce7d77 7d4a21fb e9c270b5 7f607002 f3cef839 3694cf45
ee3688c1 1a8c56ab 127a3daf

q =
9cdbd84c 9f1ac2f3 8d0f80f4 2ab952e7 338bf511

g =
30470ad5 a005fb14 ce2d9dcd 87e38bc7 d1b1c5fa cbaecbe9 5f190aa7
a31d23c4 dbbcbe06 17454440 1a5b2c02 0965d8c2 bd2171d3 66844577
1f74ba08 4d2029d8 3c1c1585 47f3a9f1 a2715be2 3d51ae4d 3e5a1f6a
7064f316 933a346d 3f529252

1024-bit key parameters

SEED =
8d515589 4229d5e6 89ee01e6 018a237e 2cae64cd

counter = 92

p =
fd7f5381 1d751229 52df4a9c 2eece4e7 f611b752 3cef4400 c31e3f80
b6512669 455d4022 51fb593d 8d58fabf c5f5ba30 f6cb9b55 6cd7813b
801d346f f26660b7 6b9950a5 a49f9fe8 047b1022 c24fbba9 d7feb7c6
1bf83b57 e7c6a8a6 150f04fb 83f6d3c5 1ec30235 54135a16 9132f675
f3ae2b61 d72aeff2 2203199d d14801c7

q =
9760508f 15230bcc b292b982 a2eb840b f0581cf5

g =
f7e1a085 d69b3dde cbbcab5c 36b857b9 7994afbb fa3aea82 f9574c0b
3d078267 5159578e bad4594f e6710710 8180b449 167123e8 4c281613
b7cf0932 8cc8a6e1 3c167a8b 547c8d28 e0a3ae1e 2bb3a675 916ea37f
0bfa2135 62f1fb62 7a01243b cca4f1be a8519089 a883dfe1 5ae59f06
928b665e 807b5525 64014c3b fecf492a

The following are the default values for larger DSA key sizes identified by (L,N) pairs:

(L,N) = (2048, 256)

SEED =
b0b44176 01b59cbc 9d8ac8f9 35cadaec 4f5fbb2f 23785609 ae466748
d9b5a536

counter = 497

p =
95475cf5 d93e596c 3fcd1d90 2add02f4 27f5f3c7 210313bb 45fb4d5b
b2e5fe1c bd678cd4 bbdd84c9 836be1f3 1c077772 5aeb6c2f c38b85f4
8076fa76 bcd8146c c89a6fb2 f706dd71 9898c208 3dc8d896 f84062e2
c9c94d13 7b054a8d 8096adb8 d5195239 8eeca852 a0af12df 83e475aa
65d4ec0c 38a9560d 5661186f f98b9fc9 eb60eee8 b030376b 236bc73b
e3acdbd7 4fd61c1d 2475fa30 77b8f080 467881ff 7e1ca56f ee066d79
506ade51 edbb5443 a563927d bc4ba520 08674617 5c888592 5ebc64c6
14790677 3496990c b714ec66 7304e261 faee33b3 cbdf008e 0c3fa906
50d97d39 09c9275b f4ac86ff cb3d03e6 dfc8ada5 934242dd 6d3bcca2
a406cb0b

q =
f8183668 ba5fc5bb 06b5981e 6d8b795d 30b8978d 43ca0ec5 72e37e09
939a9773

g =
42debb9d a5b3d88c c956e087 87ec3f3a 09bba5f4 8b889a74 aaf53174
aa0fbe7e 3c5b8fcd 7a53bef5 63b0e985 60328960 a9517f40 14d3325f
c7962bf1 e049370d 76d1314a 76137e79 2f3f0db8 59d095e4 a5b93202
4f079ecf 2ef09c79 7452b077 0e135078 2ed57ddf 794979dc ef23cb96
f1830619 65c4ebc9 3c9c71c5 6b925955 a75f94cc cf1449ac 43d586d0
beee4325 1b0b2287 349d68de 0d144403 f13e802f 4146d882 e057af19
b6f6275c 6676c8fa 0e3ca271 3a3257fd 1b27d063 9f695e34 7d8d1cf9
ac819a26 ca9b04cb 0eb9b7b0 35988d15 bbac6521 2a55239c fc7e58fa
e38d7250 ab9991ff bc971340 25fe8ce0 4c4399ad 96569be9 1a546f49
78693c7a

(L,N) = (2048, 224)

SEED =
58423608 0cfa43c0 9b023541 35f4cc51 98a19efa da08bd86 6d601ba4

counter = 2666

p =
8f7935d9 b9aae9bf abed887a cf4951b6 f32ec59e 3baf3718 e8eac496
1f3efd36 06e74351 a9c41833 39b809e7 c2ae1c53 9ba7475b 85d011ad
b8b47987 75498469 5cac0e8f 14b33608 28a22ffa 27110a3d 62a99345
3409a0fe 696c4658 f84bdd20 819c3709 a01057b1 95adcd00 233dba54
84b6291f 9d648ef8 83448677 979cec04 b434a6ac 2e75e998 5de23db0
292fc111 8c9ffa9d 8181e733 8db792b7 30d7b9e3 49592f68 09987215
3915ea3d 6b8b4653 c633458f 803b32a4 c2e0f272 90256e4e 3f8a3b08
38a1c450 e4e18c1a 29a37ddf 5ea143de 4b66ff04 903ed5cf 1623e158
d487c608 e97f211c d81dca23 cb6e3807 65f822e3 42be484c 05763939
601cd667

q =
baf696a6 8578f7df dee7fa67 c977c785 ef32b233 bae580c0 bcd5695d

g =
16a65c58 20485070 4e7502a3 9757040d 34da3a34 78c154d4 e4a5c02d
242ee04f 96e61e4b d0904abd ac8f37ee b1e09f31 82d23c90 43cb642f
88004160 edf9ca09 b32076a7 9c32a627 f2473e91 879ba2c4 e744bd20
81544cb5 5b802c36 8d1fa83e d489e94e 0fa0688e 32428a5c 78c478c6
8d0527b7 1c9a3abb 0b0be12c 44689639 e7d3ce74 db101a65 aa2b87f6
4c6826db 3ec72f4b 5599834b b4edb02f 7c90e9a4 96d3a55d 535bebfc
45d4f619 f63f3ded bb873925 c2f224e0 7731296d a887ec1e 4748f87e
fb5fdeb7 5484316b 2232dee5 53ddaf02 112b0d1f 02da3097 3224fe27
aeda8b9d 4b2922d9 ba8be39e d9e103a6 3c52810b c688b7e2 ed4316e1
ef17dbde

RSA KeyPair Generation Algorithm

Field Description
Names RSA
Type KeyPairGenerator
Description This algorithm is the key pair generation algorithm described in PKCS #1.
Strength Any integer that is a multiple of 8, greater than or equal to 512.

DSA Parameter Generation Algorithm

Field Description
Names DSA
Type AlgorithmParameterGenerator
Description This algorithm is the parameter generation algorithm described in NIST FIPS 186 for DSA.
Strength

The length, in bits, of the modulus p. This must be a multiple of 64, ranging from from 512 to 1024 (inclusive), or 2048. The default keysize is 1024.

Alternatively, generate DSA parameters with the DSAGenParameterSpec class. Note that this class supports the latest version of DSA standard, FIPS PUB 186-3, and only allows certain length of prime P and Q to be used. Valid sizes for length of prime P and sub-prime Q in bits are as follows:

  • (1024, 160)
  • (2048, 224)
  • (2048, 256)

Implementation Requirements

This section defines the security algorithm requirements for JDK 8 implementations. These requirements are intended to improve the interoperability of JDK 8 implementations and applications that use these algorithms.

Note that the requirements in this section are not a measure of the strength or security of the algorithm. For example, recent advances in cryptanalysis have found weaknesses in the strength of the MD5 MessageDigest algorithm. It is your responsibility to determine whether the algorithm meets the security requirements of your application.

Every implementation of the JDK 8 platform must support the specified algorithms in the table that follows. These requirements do not apply to 3rd party providers. Consult the release documentation for your implementation to see if any other algorithms are supported.

Class Algorithm Name(s)
AlgorithmParameterGenerator
Implementations must support the key sizes in parentheses.		 DiffieHellman (1024)
DSA (1024)
AlgorithmParameters AES
DES
DESede
DiffieHellman
DSA
CertificateFactory X.509
CertPath Encodings PKCS7
PkiPath
CertPathBuilder PKIX
CertPathValidator PKIX
CertStore Collection
Cipher
The algorithms are specified as transformations. Implementations must support the key sizes in parentheses.		 AES/CBC/NoPadding (128)
AES/CBC/PKCS5Padding (128)
AES/ECB/NoPadding (128)
AES/ECB/PKCS5Padding (128)
DES/CBC/NoPadding (56)
DES/CBC/PKCS5Padding (56)
DES/ECB/NoPadding (56)
DES/ECB/PKCS5Padding (56)
DESede/CBC/NoPadding (168)
DESede/CBC/PKCS5Padding (168)
DESede/ECB/NoPadding (168)
DESede/ECB/PKCS5Padding (168)
RSA/ECB/PKCS1Padding (1024, 2048)
RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA-1AndMGF1Padding (1024, 2048)
RSA/ECB/OAEPWithSHA-256AndMGF1Padding (1024, 2048)
Configuration [1]
KeyAgreement DiffieHellman
KeyFactory DiffieHellman
DSA
RSA
KeyGenerator
Implementations must support the key sizes in parentheses.		 AES (128)
DES (56)
DESede (168)
HmacSHA1
HmacSHA256
KeyPairGenerator
Implementations must support the key sizes in parentheses.		 DiffieHellman (1024)
DSA (1024)
RSA (1024, 2048)
KeyStore PKCS12
Mac HmacMD5
HmacSHA1
HmacSHA256
MessageDigest MD5
SHA-1
SHA-256
Policy [1]
SecretKeyFactory DES
DESede
SecureRandom [1]
Signature SHA1withDSA
SHA1withRSA
SHA256withRSA
SSLContext TLSv1 [2]

[1] No specific Configuration type, Policy type or SecureRandom algorithm is required; however, an implementation-specific default must be provided.

[2] A TLSv1 implementation must support the cipher suite SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA as defined in RFC 2246 and the special signaling cipher suite TLS_EMPTY_RENEGOTIATION_INFO_SCSV for safe renegotiation as defined in RFC 5746.

XML Signature Algorithms

Every implementation of the JDK 8 platform must support the specified XML Signature algorithms in the table that follows. These requirements do not apply to 3rd party providers. Consult the release documentation for your implementation to see if any other algorithms are supported.

Class Algorithm Name(s)
TransformService http://www.w3.org/2001/10/xml-exc-c14n# (CanonicalizationMethod.EXCLUSIVE)
http://www.w3.org/TR/2001/REC-xml-c14n-20010315 (CanonicalizationMethod.INCLUSIVE)
http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#base64 (Transform.BASE64)
http://www.w3.org/2000/09/xmldsig#enveloped-signature (Transform.ENVELOPED)
XMLSignatureFactory DOM
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